A Qualitative Study of the Contraceptive Effect on Women's Sexual Experiences: Beyond Hormonal Effects

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the effects of the intravaginal ring, oral contraceptive pill (OCP), and spermicide plus condom on womenʼs sexual experiences through an in-depth understanding of the physical characteristics of these contraceptive methods. METHODS:We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with women (aged 18–45 years) who used up to three contraceptive methods (intravaginal ring, OCP, and spermicide plus condom). Women completed in-depth interviews after each 3-month use period. We used a summarized matrix framework and thematic content analysis to explore how each method affected participantsʼ sexual experiences. RESULTS:Sixteen women completed interviews, yielding 33 transcripts. Women reported physical effects on their sexual experiences while using the intravaginal ring and spermicide plus condom. The OCP was often discussed as lacking these physical effects. Discussion themes included product administration (eg, navigating intravaginal ring removal) and physical product awareness (eg, spermicide as a lubricant). From these experiences, women often altered and individualized their use and subsequent opinions of the contraceptive method. CONCLUSION:The range of contraceptive effects on womenʼs sexual experiences shape their use and opinions of the product, leading to either increased motivation and consistent use or poor adherence and discontinuation. Awareness of these individualized experiences can help providers better understand and guide their patients towards successful contraceptive use.