Application of Magnetic Resonance to Assess Lyophilized Drug Product Reconstitution

Purpose Dynamic in-situ proton ( 1 H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1 H T 2 -relaxometry experiments are described in an attempt to: (i) understand the physical processes, that occur during the reconstitution of lyophilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) and monoclonal antibody (mAb) proteins; and (ii) objectify the reconstitution time. Methods Rapid two-dimensional 1 H MRI and diffusion weighted MRI were used to study the temporal changes in solids dissolution and characterise water mass transport characteristics. One-shot T 2 relaxation time measurements were also acquired in an attempt to quantify the reconstitution time. Both MRI data and T 2 -relaxation data were compared to standard visual observations currently adopted by industry. The 1 H images were further referenced to MRI calibration data to give quantitative values of protein concentration and, percentage of remaining undissolved solids. Results An algorithmic analysis of the 1 H T 2 -relaxation data shows it is possible to classify the reconstitution event into three regimes ( undissolved , transitional and dissolved ). Moreover, a combined analysis of the 2D 1 H MRI and 1 H T 2 -relaxation data gives a unique time point that characterises the onset of a reconstituted protein solution within well-defined error bars. These values compared favourably with those from visual observations. Diffusion weighted MRI showed that low concentration BSA and mAb samples showed distinct liquid-liquid phase separation attributed to two liquid layers with significant density differences. Conclusions T 2 relaxation time distributions (whose interpretation is validated from the 2D 1 H MR images) provides a quick and effective framework to build objective, quantitative descriptors of the reconstitution process that facilitate the interpretation of subjective visual observations currently adopted as the standard practice industry.