Three‐dimensional printing with nano‐enabled filaments releases polymer particles containing carbon nanotubes into air

Fused deposition modeling (FDM™) 3‐dimensional printing uses polymer filament to build objects. Some polymer filaments are formulated with additives, though it is unknown if they are released during printing. Three commercially available filaments that contained carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were printed...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Indoor air 2018-11, Vol.28 (6), p.840-851
Hauptverfasser:	Stefaniak, Aleksandr B., Bowers, Lauren N., Knepp, Alycia K., Virji, M. Abbas, Birch, Eileen M., Ham, Jason E., Wells, J. R., Qi, Chaolong, Schwegler‐Berry, Diane, Friend, Sherri, Johnson, Alyson R., Martin, Stephen B., Qian, Yong, LeBouf, Ryan F., Birch, Quinn, Hammond, Duane
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	3‐D printing Additives Airborne particulates Carbon Carbon content Carbon nanotubes Carbonyl compounds Carbonyls Deposition Electron microscopy elemental carbon emission rate Emissions Environmental Monitoring - methods Filaments Fused deposition modeling Imaging, Three-Dimensional Inhalation Exposure lung deposition modeling Lungs Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Microscopy Modelling Nanotechnology Nanotubes Nanotubes, Carbon Particle size distribution Particulate Matter - analysis polymer Polymers Polymers - chemistry Printing Quantitation Size distribution Ultrafines
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Zusammenfassung:	Fused deposition modeling (FDM™) 3‐dimensional printing uses polymer filament to build objects. Some polymer filaments are formulated with additives, though it is unknown if they are released during printing. Three commercially available filaments that contained carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were printed with a desktop FDM™ 3‐D printer in a chamber while monitoring total particle number concentration and size distribution. Airborne particles were collected on filters and analyzed using electron microscopy. Carbonyl compounds were identified by mass spectrometry. The elemental carbon content of the bulk CNT‐containing filaments was 1.5 to 5.2 wt%. CNT‐containing filaments released up to 1010 ultrafine (d
ISSN:	0905-6947 1600-0668
DOI:	10.1111/ina.12499