Correlates of nicotine dependence in men with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 33-year follow-up

Identify correlates of nicotine dependence [lifetime (l) and ongoing (o)] in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. We conducted a 33-year prospective follow-up of boys (mean age 8) with combined type ADHD ( n = 135/207, 65% original sample). Correlates of nicotine dependence in adulthood were selected from characteristics obtained in childhood and adolescence. Among selected childhood features, only immature behavior was significantly related to nicotine dependence (OR (o) = 0.29, p = 0.02), indexing decreased risk. In contrast, several adolescent variables significantly correlated ( p