Elucidation of an intrinsic parameter for evaluating the electrical quality of graphene flakes
A test method for evaluating the quality of graphene flakes, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanopowder (GNP), was developed in this study. The pelletizer was selected for a sampling tool, which enables us to formulate the flake sample as a measurable sample. Various parameters wer...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2019-01, Vol.9 (1), p.557-557, Article 557 |
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| creator | Lee, Ha-Jin Kim, Ji Sun Lee, Kwang Young Park, Kyung Ho Bae, Jong-Seong Mubarak, Mahfuza Lee, Haeseong |
| description | A test method for evaluating the quality of graphene flakes, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanopowder (GNP), was developed in this study. The pelletizer was selected for a sampling tool, which enables us to formulate the flake sample as a measurable sample. Various parameters were measured from the pelletized sample in order to elucidate the best parameter for representing the quality of the graphene flakes in terms of their electrical properties. Based on the analysis of 4-probe measurement data on the pelletized sample, the best intrinsic parameter is volume resistivity (or volume conductivity) rather than resistivity (or conductivity). Additionally, the possible modification of a sample before and after the pressurization was investigated by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. No significant modification was observed. The volume conductivity in the two types of the graphene was different from their individual conductivities by one order of magnitude. Based on the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the volume conductivity of the graphene flake samples was governed by the oxygen content in the sample. Our achievements will promote the effective use of powder-type graphene products for further applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-018-37010-x |
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The pelletizer was selected for a sampling tool, which enables us to formulate the flake sample as a measurable sample. Various parameters were measured from the pelletized sample in order to elucidate the best parameter for representing the quality of the graphene flakes in terms of their electrical properties. Based on the analysis of 4-probe measurement data on the pelletized sample, the best intrinsic parameter is volume resistivity (or volume conductivity) rather than resistivity (or conductivity). Additionally, the possible modification of a sample before and after the pressurization was investigated by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. No significant modification was observed. The volume conductivity in the two types of the graphene was different from their individual conductivities by one order of magnitude. Based on the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the volume conductivity of the graphene flake samples was governed by the oxygen content in the sample. Our achievements will promote the effective use of powder-type graphene products for further applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37010-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30679626</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>140/133 ; 140/146 ; 639/301/930/12 ; 639/925/918/1052 ; Conductivity ; Electrical properties ; Electron microscopy ; Graphene ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; multidisciplinary ; Photoelectron spectroscopy ; Raman spectroscopy ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2019-01, Vol.9 (1), p.557-557, Article 557</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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The pelletizer was selected for a sampling tool, which enables us to formulate the flake sample as a measurable sample. Various parameters were measured from the pelletized sample in order to elucidate the best parameter for representing the quality of the graphene flakes in terms of their electrical properties. Based on the analysis of 4-probe measurement data on the pelletized sample, the best intrinsic parameter is volume resistivity (or volume conductivity) rather than resistivity (or conductivity). Additionally, the possible modification of a sample before and after the pressurization was investigated by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. No significant modification was observed. The volume conductivity in the two types of the graphene was different from their individual conductivities by one order of magnitude. Based on the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the volume conductivity of the graphene flake samples was governed by the oxygen content in the sample. Our achievements will promote the effective use of powder-type graphene products for further applications.</description><subject>140/133</subject><subject>140/146</subject><subject>639/301/930/12</subject><subject>639/925/918/1052</subject><subject>Conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical properties</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9P3DAQxa2KqiDKF-ihstQLl4D_JvGlEkK0ICH10l5rTbyTXVOvvdgJgm-PYSlQDvXFluc3z_P8CPnE2RFnsj8uimvTN4z3jewYZ83tO7InmNKNkELsvDrvkoNSrlhdWhjFzQeyK1nbmVa0e-T3WZidX8DkU6RppBCpj1P2sXhHN5BhjRNmOqZM8QbCXMG4pNMKKQZ0FXQQ6PUMwU93D_3LDJsVRqRjgD9YPpL3I4SCB0_7Pvn17ezn6Xlz-eP7xenJZeO0YlNjesmwjspN1zsQLesWhoNeDEoL51y97IZeCHBdh9oNUqAxlRtg0KOutuQ--brV3czDGhcOqwcIdpP9GvKdTeDtv5XoV3aZbmwrVcu5qgKHTwI5Xc9YJrv2xWEIEDHNxQre1b_TvTQV_fIGvUpzjtWeFVIpwQWXslJiS7mcSsk4Pg_DmX1I0G4TtDVB-5igva1Nn1_beG75m1cF5BYotRSXmF_e_o_sPWEPqIc</recordid><startdate>20190124</startdate><enddate>20190124</enddate><creator>Lee, Ha-Jin</creator><creator>Kim, Ji Sun</creator><creator>Lee, Kwang Young</creator><creator>Park, Kyung Ho</creator><creator>Bae, Jong-Seong</creator><creator>Mubarak, Mahfuza</creator><creator>Lee, Haeseong</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190124</creationdate><title>Elucidation of an intrinsic parameter for evaluating the electrical quality of graphene flakes</title><author>Lee, Ha-Jin ; Kim, Ji Sun ; Lee, Kwang Young ; Park, Kyung Ho ; Bae, Jong-Seong ; Mubarak, Mahfuza ; Lee, Haeseong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-9830e3221978ca2607d91a5db452ccc78c7b822ac77e5cb32e99ca2bab5f50523</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>140/133</topic><topic>140/146</topic><topic>639/301/930/12</topic><topic>639/925/918/1052</topic><topic>Conductivity</topic><topic>Electrical properties</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ha-Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Ji Sun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kwang Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Kyung Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bae, Jong-Seong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mubarak, Mahfuza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Haeseong</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Ha-Jin</au><au>Kim, Ji Sun</au><au>Lee, Kwang Young</au><au>Park, Kyung Ho</au><au>Bae, Jong-Seong</au><au>Mubarak, Mahfuza</au><au>Lee, Haeseong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Elucidation of an intrinsic parameter for evaluating the electrical quality of graphene flakes</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2019-01-24</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>557</spage><epage>557</epage><pages>557-557</pages><artnum>557</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>A test method for evaluating the quality of graphene flakes, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanopowder (GNP), was developed in this study. The pelletizer was selected for a sampling tool, which enables us to formulate the flake sample as a measurable sample. Various parameters were measured from the pelletized sample in order to elucidate the best parameter for representing the quality of the graphene flakes in terms of their electrical properties. Based on the analysis of 4-probe measurement data on the pelletized sample, the best intrinsic parameter is volume resistivity (or volume conductivity) rather than resistivity (or conductivity). Additionally, the possible modification of a sample before and after the pressurization was investigated by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. No significant modification was observed. The volume conductivity in the two types of the graphene was different from their individual conductivities by one order of magnitude. Based on the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the volume conductivity of the graphene flake samples was governed by the oxygen content in the sample. Our achievements will promote the effective use of powder-type graphene products for further applications.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>30679626</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-018-37010-x</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 140/133 140/146 639/301/930/12 639/925/918/1052 Conductivity Electrical properties Electron microscopy Graphene Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Photoelectron spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy Science Science (multidisciplinary) Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis |
| title | Elucidation of an intrinsic parameter for evaluating the electrical quality of graphene flakes |
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