Comparisons of different indices of low muscle mass in relationship with cardiometabolic disorder

This study aimed to evaluate the most valid index among various indices of low muscle mass in assessing cardiometabolic risks in a Korean population. Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m 2 ), fat mass index (FMI, kg/m 2 ), FMI-adjusted ALMI (ALM fmi ), ratio of ALM to weight index (ALM wt ), ratio of ALM to body mass index (ALM bmi ) and ratio of ALM to truncal fat index (ALM trunkfat ) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 17,870 participants from 2008 to 2011. We adopted all the aforementioned indices of low muscle mass expressed as sex- and age-specific standard deviation scores (Z-scores). Low muscle mass for age was defined as Z-score