The ERBB-STAT3 Axis Drives Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease

The marsupial Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) faces extinction due to transmissible devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). To unveil the molecular underpinnings of this transmissible cancer, we combined pharmacological screens with an integrated systems-biology characterization. Sensitivity to inhibitors of ERBB tyrosine kinases correlated with their overexpression. Proteomic and DNA methylation analyses revealed tumor-specific signatures linked to the evolutionary conserved oncogenic STAT3. ERBB inhibition blocked phosphorylation of STAT3 and arrested cancer cells. Pharmacological blockade of ERBB or STAT3 prevented tumor growth in xenograft models and restored MHC class I expression. This link between the hyperactive ERBB-STAT3 axis and major histocompatibility complex class I-mediated tumor immunosurveillance provides mechanistic insights into horizontal transmissibility and puts forward a dual chemo-immunotherapeutic strategy to save Tasmanian devils from DFTD. [Display omitted] [Display omitted] •Tasmanian devil proteome and DNA methylome reveal modulated tumor environment•Identification of cancer-driving hyperactive ERBB-STAT3 axis as a druggable target•ERBB-STAT3-driven suppression of MHC class I genes may facilitate immune evasion•Successful pharmacological treatments of Tasmanian devil tumors in a xenograft model Kosack et al. identify the ERBB-STAT3 signaling axis as a central molecular driver of Tasmanian devil transmissible facial tumors. Inhibition of ERBB or STAT3 prevents tumor growth in xenograft models and restores MHC class I expression, suggesting a chemo-immunotherapeutic strategy to save Tasmanian devils.