Improved biphasic calcium phosphate combined with periodontal ligament stem cells may serve as a promising method for periodontal regeneration

The study aimed to investigate if a construct of porous improved biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) combined with osteogenically induced periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) could repair periodontal defect. Human PDLSCs were cultured, identified, and osteogenically induced, and then seeded on the improved BCP, assessed by scanning electron microscopy and MTT method. Afterwards, PDLSC-seeded scaffolds were used in six Beagle dogs' alveolar bone dehiscence model, and new bone formation was assessed by three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic imaging, fluorescence, and light microscopy at 4 , 8 and 12 week postoperatively. Results showed that PDLSCs were positive for STRO-1 and vimention, while negative for cytokeratin. They had the capacity to undergo osteogenic differentiation . When seeded on the improved BCP, PDLSCs exhibited significantly great viability. The use of PDLSC-seeded improved BCP promoted effective periodontal regeneration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of improved BCP combined with PDLSCs as a promising method for periodontal regeneration.