Can obesity-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle and intramuscular adipose tissue accurately detect liver fibrosis?

Obesity is characterized by a chronic, low grade, systemic inflammation. However, little is known about the role of skeletal muscle, which represents an active metabolic organ whose activities need to be determined. The purpose of our study was to detect relationships between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue inflammation with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes, as well as to explore associations with clinicopathological parameters. Our study population consisted of 50 morbidly obese patients undergoing planned bariatric surgery. Biopsies were taken from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle (SM), extramyocellular adipose tissue (EMAT) and liver. The expression of CD68 and CD3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Our findings suggest a complex inter- and intra-tissue co-expression network that links obesity-induced inflammation in adipose depots and skeletal muscle with NAFLD. A novel finding is the intricate cross-talk between SM, EMAT and the liver and the probable correlation between SM, EMAT inflammation and the presence of liver fibrosis. Although the mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and its association with NAFLD and liver fibrosis are incompletely understood, our findings indicate an extensive and complex tissue network that needs to be further investigated.