Differential Expression of IL-36 Family Members and IL-38 by Immune and Nonimmune Cells in Patients with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease

IL-1 family includes IL-38 (IL-1F10) and the subfamily of IL-36 and is the central mediators of inflammatory diseases, including pustular psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gut inflammation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate on tissue of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 gene and cell expression and its correlation with clinical activity. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional and comparative study was performed. Seventy patients with IBD and 30 noninflamed non-IBD controls were enrolled. Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Protein expression was detected by double-staining immunohistochemistry. Results. The mRNA expression of IL-36 family members but not IL-38 was increased in colonic mucosa from patients with active ulcerative colitis versus Crohn’s disease group and noninflammatory control group (P