Frailty, Neurocognitive Impairment, or Both in Predicting Poor Health Outcomes Among Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Frailty, alone or with neurocognitive impairment, is a strong predictor of poor health outcomes within 2 years; interventions that target both frailty and neurocognitive impariments have potential to limit poor health outcomes among people aging with human immunodeficiency virus. Abstract Background Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is strongly associated with frailty in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH); the overlap of frailty and NCI and the impact on health outcomes in PLWH are unknown. Methods PLWH in a longitudinal, observational study of aging completed entry evaluations for frailty and NCI. Outcomes of falls (recurrent) increased limitations in independent activities of daily living (IADL), or mortality were combined. Poisson regression models estimated prevalence ratios (PR) for ≥1 outcome over 2 years. Results Among 987 participants, the median age at entry was 51 years; 19% were female; the median CD4 count was 616 cells/µL; and HIV-1 RNA was