Clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy for carcinoma of thoracic esophagus: Is esophagectomy always necessary? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Background Although a clinical complete response (cCR) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) could lead to a better prognosis, the choice of a following strategy, such as surgical or non‐surgical approach, remains controversial. Methods All articles relevant to a comparison of surgical and non‐surgical treatment (including further definitive chemoradiotherapy or active surveillance) for esophageal carcinoma patients with a cCR after CRT were retrieved for meta‐analysis. The final date for data retrieval was 30 June 2018. Results Four retrospective studies including 648 patients met the inclusion criteria: 620 with squamous cell carcinoma and 28 with adenocarcinoma. The CRT + surgery group had an advantage over the non‐surgery group in regard to two‐year disease‐free survival (DFS); however, the two groups showed similar results in five‐year DFS. The CRT + surgery group had an advantage over the non‐surgery group in two‐year overall survival (OS); nevertheless, the two groups showed similar results in five‐year OS. Conclusions Based on the available evidence, the addition of surgery to thoracic locally advanced esophageal carcinoma patients with a cCR after neoadjuvant CRT provided no advantage to long‐term survival. As an exception, the two‐year DFS and OS could be improved. This research conclusion might be more suitable to patients with squamous cell carcinoma.