Influence of 2 Veress needles and 4 insertion sites on Veress needle penetration depth: A comparative study in cadaveric dogs

Objective To evaluate the penetration depth (VNPD) of 2 disposable Veress needles (VN) at 4 insertion sites in the abdomen. Study design Descriptive study. Sample population Canine cadavers (n = 22, 6 for confirmation of the test methods and 16 for the comparative study). Methods Two disposable VN (VN A and VN B) were inserted at 4 sites (9th intercostal space [ICS] and preumbilical, paraumbilical, and subumbilical sites) in dorsally recumbent dogs by using a hand‐cranked jig. The VNPD was measured as the distance traveled by the VN between the subcutaneous tissue and the perforation of the peritoneum on the basis of audible clicks and visible feedback from the VN. The effects of the VN type and insertion site on the VNPD were analyzed by using a linear mixed‐effects model. Results VNPD varied between insertion sites (P = .01) and VN (P