Successful alternative treatment for relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with dendritic cells-cytokine-induced killer cells combined with a rituximab-based regimen

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by the accumulation of lymphoblasts, and a poor prognosis for adults with ALL is closely associated with disease recurrence. Thus far, treatment approaches have been limited, particularly in patients who are unable to tolerate chemotherapy. In this study, we report an effective treatment for such patients. A 52-year-old man diagnosed with Ph-negative B-precursor ALL went into remission after inductive treatment. Unfortunately, when he subsequently relapsed, severe complications drove him to refuse intensive chemotherapy. Instead, he received a cycle of dendritic cells-cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) before chemotherapy. The patient tolerated rituximab in combination with a vincristine, daunorubicin, l-asparaginase, and prednisone regimen without complications, and was in remission after DC-CIK infusion. After consolidation chemotherapy, including rituximab followed by eight cycles of DC-CIK, the patient has been free of leukemia for 2 years since the relapse. This case of relapsed ALL was successfully treated with DC-CIK combined with a rituximab regimen.