Risk factors for postoperative infection after gastrointestinal surgery among adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Findings from a large observational US cohort study

Background and Aim Postoperative infection (POI) is a major source of morbidity and prolongation of hospitalization in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This large observational study was conducted to further describe risk factors and to quantify the proportion of POIs that are preventable. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of the Optum US health insurance claims database. The study population included adults with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) who underwent lower gastrointestinal (GI) surgery of small intestine, colon, rectum, or anus during September 2014 to September 2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify and quantify risk factors and determine the proportion of infections that are preventable. Results A total of 3360 adult IBD patients with lower GI surgery were included in the study. Their mean age was 51 years, 52.5% were women, and 59.5% had CD. The 30‐day POI incidence was 15.1% (95% confidence interval: 14.0–16.4%). We identified the following nonmodifiable or procedural risk factors: history of POI, open procedure, red blood cell transfusion within 6 months, preoperative hospital stay of at least 4 days, lower GI ostomy surgery, lower GI resection surgery, and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Modifiable risk factors included corticosteroid use and anemia prior to surgery, but few infections were attributable to these modifiable factors. Conclusions This large, observational, real‐world evidence study from the US found that the majority of the observed risk factors were nonmodifiable or procedure‐related. Corticosteroid use and anemia before surgery were identified as modifiable risk factors. This large observational real‐world evidence study from the US found that the majority of the observed risk factors were non‐modifiable or procedure related. Corticosteroids use and anemia before surgery were identified as modifiable risk factors.