Sex Differences in Academic Rank and Publication Rate at Top-Ranked US Neurology Programs

IMPORTANCE: Women are underrepresented in academic neurology, and the reasons for the underrepresentation are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore potential sex differences in top-ranked academic neurology programs by comparing the number of men and women at each academic faculty rank and how many articles each group has published. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine top-ranked neurology programs were identified by combining the top 20 programs listed on either the 2016 or 2017 Doximity Residency Navigator tool with the top 20 programs listed in the US News and World Report ranking of Best Graduate Schools. An internet search of the departmental websites was performed between December 1, 2015, and April 30, 2016. For each faculty member on a program site, the following biographical information was obtained: first name, last name, academic institution, sex, academic faculty rank, educational leadership (clerkship, fellowship, or residency director/assistant director), and year of medical school graduation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: To compare the distribution of men vs women and the number of publications for men vs women at each academic faculty rank. Secondary analyses included Scopus h-index, book authorship, educational leadership (clerkship, residency, or fellowship director/assistant director), and clinical activity as inferred through Medicare claims data in men vs women after controlling for years since medical school graduation. RESULTS: Of 1712 academic neurologists in our sample, 528 (30.8%) were women and 1184 (69.2%) were men (P