Shaping Gene Expression by Landscaping Chromatin Architecture: Lessons from a Master

Since its discovery as a skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor able to reprogram somatic cells into differentiated myofibers, MyoD has provided an instructive model to understand how transcription factors regulate gene expression. Reciprocally, studies of other transcriptional regulators have provided testable hypotheses to further understand how MyoD activates transcription. Using MyoD as a reference, in this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in the regulatory mechanisms employed by tissue-specific transcription factors to access DNA and regulate gene expression by cooperatively shaping the chromatin landscape within the context of cellular differentiation. In 1987, Davis, Weintraub, and Lassar reported that MyoD expression converted fibroblasts into myoblasts, opening the field of cell reprogramming. In this review, we use the lessons learned from MyoD to discuss how transcription factors access DNA to regulate gene expression by cooperatively shaping the chromatin landscape.