Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency Protects against Age-Related NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Immune Senescence

The hallmarks of age-related immune senescence are chronic inflammation, aberrant expansion of effector memory, and loss of naive T lymphocytes due in part to systemic activation of innate immune sensor NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid lineage cells. The endogenous mechanisms that regulate inflammasome activation during aging are unknown. Here, we present evidence that growth hormone receptor (GH-R)-dependent downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages is linked to pro-longevity effects that maintain immune system homeostasis in aging. Deletion of GH-R prevented the macrophage-driven age-related activation of inflammasome in response to NLRP3 ligands and also increased the preservation of naive T cells, even in advanced age and with higher IFNγ secretion from effector cells. The mechanism of inflammasome inhibition is linked to autocrine somatotropic axis as ablation of IGF1R in macrophages lowered the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, our findings show that functional somatotropic axis in macrophages controls inflammation, thus linking NLRP3-mediated innate immune signaling to health span and longevity. [Display omitted] •The long-lived GH-R-deficient mice are protected from inflammaging•Loss of GH-R deactivates NLRP3 inflammasome and increases naive T cells in aging•Ablation of macrophage IGF1-IGF1R axis inhibits the inflammasome•Macrophage somatotrophic axis regulates NLRP3 inflammasome in aging Reduction in endocrine GH and IGF1 axis extends lifespan in model organisms. In this work, Spadaro et al. show that the ablation of the somatotropic axis within macrophages dampens the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation seen with aging and prevents against age-related loss of naive T cells.