Effect of Smoking on Serum Pepsinogen I Level Depends on Serological Status of Helicobacter pylori

Serum pepsinogen (sPG) levels are used in gastric cancer screening programs. However, modification of sPG levels by smoking habit, according to the status of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been little investigated. This study investigated the effects of smoking on serum levels of pepsinogen I (PG I), pepsinogen II (PG II), and gastrin by IgG titer of antibody against H. pylori (Hp‐IgG titer) using the data from 356 current‐smokers and 262 non‐smokers (133 never‐smokers and 129 ex‐smokers) in a cross‐sectional study of 618 men aged 40 to 49 years. PG I, PG II, PG I/PG II ratio and gastrin were significantly associated with Hp‐IgG titer in never‐smokers [Spearman's correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval): 0.23 (0.07, 0.39), 0.52 (0.41, 0.63), ‐0.40 (‐0.54, ‐0.27), and 0.25 (0.10, 0.41), respectively]. However, the correlation coefficients of PG I and PG H decreased in current‐smokers, 0.02 (‐0.1, 0.13) and 0.32 (0.22, 0.42), respectively. In H. pylori seronegative and low titer cases, the mean PG I level was significantly (P