Giant anorectal condyloma acuminatum of Buschke–Löwenstein presents difficult management decisions

Abstract Condyloma acuminata, or anogenital warts, caused by human papillomavirus are the most common sexually transmitted disease. In rare cases, the disease could progress to an extensive neoplasm called Buschke–Löwenstein tumor (BLT), also known as giant condyloma acuminatum. BLT differs from normal condyloma acuminata by presenting with locally invasive growth, lack of spontaneous resolution, tendency for recurrence after treatment and potential for malignant transformation. We examine a BLT case reaching large dimensions in the anorectal region treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and surgical excision of residual lesions. Furthermore, continuous follow-up care can help identify and prevent recurrence or malignant transformation of the tumor.