Infrainguinal Lesion of Peripheral Artery Disease and Levels of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Peripheral Artery Disease

Background: Recently, reduced serum levels of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been focused upon as newly recognized risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD). The present study investigated the association between disease location and serum levels of ω-3 PUFAs in patients with PAD.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients at Tokyo Medical University between August 2011 and November 2015. The subjects included 98 patients who were categorized into two groups: those with (n=72) and without infrainguinal lesions (n=26).Results: Univariate analysis revealed that low ankle–brachial pressure index (ABI) values, low EPA levels, low DHA levels, low triglyceride levels, and diabetes mellitus were significant risk factors for infrainguinal lesions. Multivariate analysis indicated that low ABI values [p=0.018; odds ratio, 0.043; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.003–0.579] and low DHA levels (p=0.003; odds ratio, 0.986; 95%CI, 0.977–0.995) were significant independent risk factors for infrainguinal lesions.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that reduced serum level of DHA may underlie the presence of infrainguinal lesions in patients with PAD.