Body image dissatisfaction in patients undergoing breast reconstruction: Examining the roles of breast symmetry and appearance investment

Objective Reconstruction as part of treatment for breast cancer is aimed at mitigating body image concerns after mastectomy. Although algorithms have been developed to objectively assess breast reconstruction outcomes, associations between objectively quantified breast aesthetic appearance and patient‐reported body image outcomes have not been examined. Further, the role of appearance investment in explaining a patient's body image is not well understood. We investigated the extent to which objectively quantified breast symmetry and patient‐reported appearance investment were associated with body image dissatisfaction in patients undergoing cancer‐related breast reconstruction. Methods Breast cancer patients in different stages of reconstruction (n = 190) completed self‐report measures of appearance investment and body image dissatisfaction. Vertical extent and horizontal extent symmetry values, which are indicators of breast symmetry, were calculated from clinical photographs. Associations among breast symmetry, appearance investment, body image dissatisfaction, and patient clinical factors were examined. Multi‐variable regression was used to evaluate the extent to which symmetry and appearance investment were associated with body image dissatisfaction. Results Vertical extent symmetry, but not horizontal extent symmetry, was associated with body image dissatisfaction. Decreased vertical extent symmetry (β = −.19, P