Wearable Technology and Physical Activity in Chronic Disease: Opportunities and Challenges

Increased physical activity (PA) is associated with the prevention and delayed onset of many noncommunicable chronic conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, and health benefits, for example reduced risk of disease progression, secondary chronic conditions, and mortality, for individuals with chronic conditions. PA is also associated with reduced cognitive dysfunction and functional limitations and enhanced mental health and quality of life. Thus, identifying strategies to increase activity in high-risk individuals, as in those with at least one major risk factor, and those with chronic conditions remains a priority. An abundance of technological devices exist to collect and analyze PA data and support the health of high-risk individuals and those with chronic conditions. Devices that are worn on the person, consumer-targeted, and worn continuously to quantify motion during the 24-hour day offer many promising opportunities to advance chronic disease research and clinical practice. Here, Phillips et al summarize current and potential uses for wearables. They also discuss challenges to using wearables and identify future directions for researchers and clinicians for chronic disease prevention and management.