Improved vessel–tissue contrast and image quality in 3D radial sampling‐based 4D‐MRI

Purpose In radiation treatment planning for thoracic and abdominal tumors, 4D‐MRI has shown promise in respiratory motion characterization with improved soft‐tissue contrast compared to clinical standard, 4D computed tomography (4D‐CT). This study aimed to further improve vessel–tissue contrast and overall image quality in 3D radial sampling‐based 4D‐MRI using a slab‐selective (SS) excitation approach. Methods The technique was implemented in a 3D radial sampling with self‐gating‐based k‐space sorting sequence. The SS excitation approach was compared to a non‐selective (NS) approach in six cancer patients and two healthy volunteers at 3T. Improvements in vessel–tissue contrast ratio (CR) and vessel signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) were analyzed in five of the eight subjects. Image quality was visually assessed in all subjects on a 4‐point scale (0: poor; 3: excellent). Tumor (patients) and pancreas (healthy) motion trajectories were compared between the two imaging approaches. Results Compared with NS‐4D‐MRI, SS‐4D‐MRI significantly improved the overall vessel–tissue CR (2.60 ± 3.97 vs. 1.03 ± 1.44, P < 0.05), SNR (63.33 ± 38.45 vs. 35.74 ± 28.59, P < 0.05), and image quality score (2.6 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5, P = 0.02). Motion trajectories from the two approaches exhibited strong correlation in the superior–inferior (0.96 ± 0.06), but weaker in the anterior–posterior (0.78 ± 0.24) and medial–lateral directions (0.46 ± 0.44). Conclusions The proposed 4D‐MRI with slab‐selectively excited 3D radial sampling allows for improved blood SNR, vessel–tissue CR, and image quality.