Internalized stigma as an independent risk factor for substance use problems among primary care patients: Rationale and preliminary support

•Assessed internalized stigma and substance use problems among primary care patients.•Internalized stigma rates similar to extant literature from specialty care samples.•Higher internalized stigma was significantly related to more substance use problems.•Internalized stigma significantly added to understanding of substance use problems. Little is known about internalized stigma among primary care patients, and whether the presence of internalized stigma is related to the severity of substance use problems independent of substance use-related variables. We sought to examine the relationship between internalized stigma and substance use problems among primary care patients with opioid or alcohol use disorders (OAUDs). We present baseline data from 393 primary care patients who were enrolled in a study of collaborative care for OAUDs. Regression analyses examined the relationship between internalized stigma and substance use problems, controlling for demographics, psychiatric comorbidity, and quantity/frequency of use. The majority of participants reported thinking, at least sometimes, that they “have permanently screwed up” their lives (60%), and felt “ashamed” (60%), and “out of place in the world” (51%) as a result of their opioid or alcohol use. Higher internalized stigma was significantly related to more substance use problems (β=2.68, p