Long-term outcomes and prosthesis performance after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: results of self-expandable and balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valves

Data on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) long-term clinical outcomes and hemodynamic performance of the self-expandable CoreValve (CV) and the balloon-expandable Edwards SAPIEN XT (ES) (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California, USA) transcatheter heart valves (THV) are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term clinical outcome data and hemodynamic performance of TAVR with either CV or ES. We reviewed prospectively collected data of 171 patients treated with TAVR for severe aortic stenosis (AS) at our center between June 2007 and December 2010, with last follow-up contact in 2016. Out of 171 patients treated with TAVR at our Institution, 87 received a CV and 84 an ES THV. Mean age was 81 [78-85] years, and mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score was 7.5% (4.5-13.9%). Hemodynamic success by Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) definition was 97.1%. Mean trans-prosthetic gradient remained low and stable during follow-up in both groups (at 5-year 9.2±6.4 versus 12.7±5.1 mmHg, P=0.10). Late prosthesis failure occurred in 4 cases (2.4%). Thirty-day mortality was 4.7%, and estimated survival rates by Kaplan-Meyer after 1, 5 and 8 years were 87.6%, 44.9%, and 24.5%, respectively, without difference between THV groups. Rates of cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure (CHF) were also similar with CV and ES at long-term follow-up. History of CHF, pre-existent severe mitral regurgitation, paravalvular leak grade ≥2+, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were independent predictors of late mortality at multivariable analysis. Clinical and hemodynamic outcomes of patients treated by self-expandable CV or balloon-expandable ES THV were favorable and similar throughout long-term follow-up, with a rate of prosthesis failure of less than 3%.