A novel approach to low-temperature synthesis of cubic HfO2 nanostructures and their cytotoxicity

The development of a strategy to stabilise the cubic phase of HfO 2 at lower temperatures is necessary for the emergence of unique properties that are not realised in the thermodynamically stable monoclinic phase. A very high temperature (>2600 °C) is required to produce the cubic phase of HfO 2 , whereas the monoclinic phase is stable at low temperature. Here, a novel rapid synthesis strategy was designed to develop highly crystalline, pure cubic-phase HfO 2 nanoparticles (size