Total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of a series of selective G protein inhibitors

G proteins are key mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signalling, which facilitates a plethora of important physiological processes. The cyclic depsipeptides YM-254890 and FR900359 are the only known specific inhibitors of the G q subfamily of G proteins; however, no synthetic route has been reported previously for these complex natural products and they are not easily isolated from natural sources. Here we report the first total synthesis of YM-254890 and FR900359, as well as of two known analogues, YM-385780 and YM-385781. The versatility of the synthetic approach also enabled the design and synthesis of ten analogues, which provided the first structure–activity relationship study for this class of compounds. Pharmacological characterization of all the compounds at G q -, G i - and G s -mediated signalling provided succinct information on the structural requirements for inhibition, and demonstrated that both YM-254890 and FR900359 are highly potent inhibitors of G q signalling, with FR900359 being the most potent. These natural products and their analogues represent unique tools for explorative studies of G protein inhibition. G proteins are the key mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signalling, facilitating a number of important physiological processes. Now, the total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies have been reported for the only known selective G q protein inhibitors, the natural cyclic depsipeptides YM-254890 and FR900359.