The outcome of primary brachial plexus reconstruction in extended Erb’s obstetric palsy when two roots are available for intraplexus neurotization

Background The outcome of primary brachial plexus reconstruction in extended Erb’s obstetric palsy with single root avulsion has not been specifically documented in the literature. Methods A series of 46 consecutive cases of extended Erb’s obstetric palsy with single root avulsion was retrospectively reviewed. The upper and middle trunks were reconstructed with nerve grafts from the available two roots. No nerve transfers were used. The percentage of a satisfactory motor recovery was documented. Results The postoperative motor recovery was excellent (over 97%) satisfactory outcome for elbow flexion, elbow extension, and digital extension. A satisfactory wrist extension was noted in 84.8% of children. The lowest rates of satisfactory outcomes were for shoulder external rotation (65.2%) and shoulder abduction (56.5%). Conclusions In extended Erb’s obstetric palsy with single root avulsion, two ruptured roots are available for intraplexus neurotization of the upper and middle trunks. The surgeon gives a priority to elbow flexion and this is translated in an excellent outcome for elbow flexion. The triceps and digital extensors get a major contribution form the unaffected C8 root, and this is also translated in an excellent outcome for these two functions. Fewer cable grafts are available for reconstruction of the posterior division of upper trunk and the middle trunk, resulting in a lower rate of satisfactory outcomes at the shoulder for wrist extension. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.