Bayesian Models of Individual Differences: Combining Autistic Traits and Sensory Thresholds to Predict Motion Perception
According to Bayesian models, perception and cognition depend on the optimal combination of noisy incoming evidence with prior knowledge of the world. Individual differences in perception should therefore be jointly determined by a person's sensitivity to incoming evidence and his or her prior...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Psychological science 2016-12, Vol.27 (12), p.1562-1572 |
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description | According to Bayesian models, perception and cognition depend on the optimal combination of noisy incoming evidence with prior knowledge of the world. Individual differences in perception should therefore be jointly determined by a person's sensitivity to incoming evidence and his or her prior expectations. It has been proposed that individuals with autism have flatter prior distributions than do nonautistic individuals, which suggests that prior variance is linked to the degree of autistic traits in the general population. We tested this idea by studying how perceived speed changes during pursuit eye movement and at low contrast. We found that individual differences in these two motion phenomena were predicted by differences in thresholds and autistic traits when combined in a quantitative Bayesian model. Our findings therefore support the flatter-prior hypothesis and suggest that individual differences in prior expectations are more systematic than previously thought. In order to be revealed, however, individual differences in sensitivity must also be taken into account. |
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A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Powell, Georgie ; Meredith, Zoe ; McMillin, Rebecca ; Freeman, Tom C. A.</creatorcontrib><description>According to Bayesian models, perception and cognition depend on the optimal combination of noisy incoming evidence with prior knowledge of the world. Individual differences in perception should therefore be jointly determined by a person's sensitivity to incoming evidence and his or her prior expectations. It has been proposed that individuals with autism have flatter prior distributions than do nonautistic individuals, which suggests that prior variance is linked to the degree of autistic traits in the general population. We tested this idea by studying how perceived speed changes during pursuit eye movement and at low contrast. We found that individual differences in these two motion phenomena were predicted by differences in thresholds and autistic traits when combined in a quantitative Bayesian model. Our findings therefore support the flatter-prior hypothesis and suggest that individual differences in prior expectations are more systematic than previously thought. In order to be revealed, however, individual differences in sensitivity must also be taken into account.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0956-7976</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1467-9280</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0956797616665351</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27770059</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSYSET</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Autism ; Bayesian analysis ; Bayesian method ; Cognition ; Cognitive models ; Expectation ; Expectations ; Eye movements ; Individual differences ; Perception ; Perceptions ; Personality traits ; Prior knowledge ; Sensitivity ; Thresholds</subject><ispartof>Psychological science, 2016-12, Vol.27 (12), p.1562-1572</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2016 Association for Psychological Science</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2016</rights><rights>Copyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. 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A.</creatorcontrib><title>Bayesian Models of Individual Differences: Combining Autistic Traits and Sensory Thresholds to Predict Motion Perception</title><title>Psychological science</title><addtitle>Psychol Sci</addtitle><description>According to Bayesian models, perception and cognition depend on the optimal combination of noisy incoming evidence with prior knowledge of the world. Individual differences in perception should therefore be jointly determined by a person's sensitivity to incoming evidence and his or her prior expectations. It has been proposed that individuals with autism have flatter prior distributions than do nonautistic individuals, which suggests that prior variance is linked to the degree of autistic traits in the general population. We tested this idea by studying how perceived speed changes during pursuit eye movement and at low contrast. We found that individual differences in these two motion phenomena were predicted by differences in thresholds and autistic traits when combined in a quantitative Bayesian model. Our findings therefore support the flatter-prior hypothesis and suggest that individual differences in prior expectations are more systematic than previously thought. In order to be revealed, however, individual differences in sensitivity must also be taken into account.</description><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Bayesian analysis</subject><subject>Bayesian method</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognitive models</subject><subject>Expectation</subject><subject>Expectations</subject><subject>Eye movements</subject><subject>Individual differences</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Personality traits</subject><subject>Prior knowledge</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Thresholds</subject><issn>0956-7976</issn><issn>1467-9280</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFRWT</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc-LEzEUx4Mobl29exECXryMvkxmkokHYa2_FlZcsJ6HTPKmTZkmNcks9r83pcuiC5pDEvh-3ofkPUKeM3jNmJRvQLVCKimYEKLlLXtAFqwRslJ1Bw_J4hhXx_yMPElpC2VJLh6Ts1pKCdCqBfn1Xh8wOe3p12BxSjSM9NJbd-PsrCf6wY0jRvQG01u6DLvBeefX9GLOLmVn6CpqlxPV3tLv6FOIB7raREybMNlEc6DXEa0zudizC55eYzS4P16fkkejnhI-uz3PyY9PH1fLL9XVt8-Xy4uryjQAuWqgNUKBYDCgskyCGLAbLDM1RwBrRAc1CF0zPRrVSaV1ywznTDf1MMix5ufk3cm7n4cdWoM-Rz31--h2Oh76oF3_d-Ldpl-Hm77lQoqGFcGrW0EMP2dMud-5ZHCatMcwp551x-Yz0TQFfXkP3YY5-vK9Qqmubdqy_59qlOA1SFEoOFEmhpQijndPZtAfh9_fH34pqU4lSa_xD-m_-RcnfptyiHf-WpQ2c2D8N9sFty0</recordid><startdate>20161201</startdate><enddate>20161201</enddate><creator>Powell, Georgie</creator><creator>Meredith, Zoe</creator><creator>McMillin, Rebecca</creator><creator>Freeman, Tom C. A.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><scope>AFRWT</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161201</creationdate><title>Bayesian Models of Individual Differences: Combining Autistic Traits and Sensory Thresholds to Predict Motion Perception</title><author>Powell, Georgie ; Meredith, Zoe ; McMillin, Rebecca ; Freeman, Tom C. A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c400t-405c690610be9d1706be8bd1c23e00dc680206a21afc9879aa51c331a42bb7f23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Autism</topic><topic>Bayesian analysis</topic><topic>Bayesian method</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Cognitive models</topic><topic>Expectation</topic><topic>Expectations</topic><topic>Eye movements</topic><topic>Individual differences</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Perceptions</topic><topic>Personality traits</topic><topic>Prior knowledge</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>Thresholds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Powell, Georgie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meredith, Zoe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McMillin, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freeman, Tom C. A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Psychological science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Powell, Georgie</au><au>Meredith, Zoe</au><au>McMillin, Rebecca</au><au>Freeman, Tom C. 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It has been proposed that individuals with autism have flatter prior distributions than do nonautistic individuals, which suggests that prior variance is linked to the degree of autistic traits in the general population. We tested this idea by studying how perceived speed changes during pursuit eye movement and at low contrast. We found that individual differences in these two motion phenomena were predicted by differences in thresholds and autistic traits when combined in a quantitative Bayesian model. Our findings therefore support the flatter-prior hypothesis and suggest that individual differences in prior expectations are more systematic than previously thought. In order to be revealed, however, individual differences in sensitivity must also be taken into account.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>27770059</pmid><doi>10.1177/0956797616665351</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Autism Bayesian analysis Bayesian method Cognition Cognitive models Expectation Expectations Eye movements Individual differences Perception Perceptions Personality traits Prior knowledge Sensitivity Thresholds |
title | Bayesian Models of Individual Differences: Combining Autistic Traits and Sensory Thresholds to Predict Motion Perception |
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