Exploring hypotheses and rationale for causes of infantile colic

Background Infantile colic is a frequent problem in neonates and infants. This review addresses current management including the results for nutrient modifications; soy‐based formulas; and prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics. Purpose Given the evidence that there is still an unmet clinical need, as current treatments are incompletely efficacious, we have examined the evidence around three hypothetical mechanisms that could potentially be involved in etiopathogenesis of infantile colic: immaturity of bile acid mechanisms that alter intraluminal and absorptive mechanisms, immaturity in motility and alterations in the microbiome. Understanding these potential mechanisms may lead to the introduction of diagnostic procedures that should enhance the selection or individualization of therapy for infantile colic.