Functional role of inorganic trace elements in angiogenesis part III: (Ti, Li, Ce, As, Hg, Va, Nb and Pb)

Highlights • Ti surfaces with different topographies and hydrophilicities mediate different cellular responses. • The anti-angiogenic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles comes from the inhibition of angiogenic processes, and not from cytotoxicity. • Li affects vasculogenesis but not angiogenesis, supporting the hypothesis that these processes are differently regulated. • Arsenic has the dual effects on vascular cells and tumor angiogenesis, at low dose promotes, while at high dose inhibits angiogenesis. • Lead exposure induced IL-8 production and promotes tumor growth and invasion via inducing angiogenesis.