Leptin as a Mediator of Obesity-Induced Hypertension

Hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases represent the most common health complication of obesity and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in overweight and obese patients. Emerging evidence suggests a critical role for the central nervous system particularly the brain action of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin in linking obesity and hypertension. The preserved ability of leptin to cause cardiovascular sympathetic nerve activation despite the resistance to the metabolic actions of the hormone appears essential in this pathological process. This review describes the evidence supporting the neurogenic bases for obesity-associated hypertension with a particular focus on the neuronal and molecular signaling pathways underlying leptin’s effects on sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure.