Orai1 enhances muscle endurance by promoting fatigue‐resistant type I fiber content but not through acute store‐operated Ca2+ entry

ABSTRACT Orai1 is a transmembrane protein that forms homomeric, calcium‐selective channels activated by stromal interactionmolecule 1 (STIM1) after depletion of intracellular calciumstores. In adult skeletalmuscle, depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium activates STIM1/Orai1‐dependent store‐operated calcium entry. Here, we used constitutive and inducible muscle‐specific Orai1‐knockout (KO) mice to determine the acute and long‐term developmental effects of Orai1 ablation onmuscle structure and function. Skeletalmuscles fromconstitutive, musclespecific Orai‐KO mice exhibited normal postnatal growth and fiber type differentiation. However, a significant reduction in fiber cross‐sectional area occurred by 3 mo of age, with the most profound reduction observed in oxidative, fatigue‐resistant fiber types. Soleus muscles of constitutive Orai‐KO mice exhibited a reduction in unique type I fibers, concomitant with an increase in hybrid fibers expressing both type I and type IIA myosins. Additionally, ex vivo force measurements showed reduced maximal specific force and in vivo exercise assays revealed reduced endurance in constitutive muscle‐specific Orai‐KO mice. Using tamoxifen‐inducible, musclespecific Orai‐KO mice, these functional deficits were found to be the result of the delayed fiber changes resulting from an early developmental loss of Orai1 and not the result of an acute loss of Orai1‐dependent store‐operated calcium entry.—Carrell, E. M., Coppola, A. R., McBride, H. J., Dirksen, R. T. Orai1 enhances muscle endurance by promoting fatigue‐resistant type I fiber content but not through acute store‐operated Ca2+ entry. FASEB J. 30, 4109–4119 (2016). www.fasebj.org