Externally Applied Static Magnetic Field Enhances Cardiac Retention and Functional Benefit of Magnetically Iron‐Labeled Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells in Infarcted Hearts

Although adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) hold the promise of effective therapy for myocardial infarction, low cardiac retention of implanted ASCs has hindered their therapeutic efficiency. We investigated whether an externally applied static magnetic field (SMF) enhances cardiac localization of "magnetic" cells and promotes heart function recovery when ASCs are preloaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. The influence of SMF (0.1 Tesla) on the biological activities of SPIO‐labeled ASCs (SPIOASCs) was investigated first. Fifty‐six female rats with myocardial infarction underwent intramyocardial injection of cell culture medium (CCM) or male SPIOASCs with or without the subcutaneous implantable magnet (CCM‐magnet or SPIOASC‐magnet). Four weeks later, endothelial differentiation, angiogenic cytokine secretion, angiogenesis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cell retention, and cardiac performance were examined. The 0.1‐Tsela SMF did not adversely affect the viability, proliferation, angiogenic cytokine secretion, and DNA integrity of SPIOASCs. The implanted SPIOASCs could differentiate into endothelial cell, incorporate into newly formed vessels, and secrete multiple angiogenic cytokines. Four weeks after cell transplantation, the number of cardiac SPIOASCs was significantly increased, vascular density was markedly enlarged, fewer apoptotic cardiomyocytes were present, and heart contractile function was substantially improved in the SPIOASC‐magnet treated rats in comparison with the SPIOASC‐treated rats. The SPIOASCs could differentiate into endothelial cells, incorporate into vessels, promote angiogenesis, and inhibit ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis. An externally applied SMF offered a secure environment for biological properties of SPIOASCs, increased the cardiac retention of implanted magnetic SPIOASCs, and further enhanced heart function recovery after myocardial infarction. Significance This pilot proof‐of‐concept study suggests that a 0.1‐Tesla static magnetic field does not adversely affect the viability, proliferation, angiogenic cytokine secretion, or DNA integrity of the superparamagnetic iron oxide‐labeled adipose‐derived stem cells (SPIOASCs). Implantation of adipose‐derived stem cells promotes myocardial neovascularization and inhibits ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis through endothelial differentiation, incorporation into vessels, and paracrine factor secretion. An externally applied static magnetic field enhanced myocardial rete