A survey of adherence to guidelines to prevent healthcare-associated infections in Iranian intensive care units

Background : Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are acquired by patients while receiving care. The highest incidence of HAIs has been documented in admissions to intensive care units. Adherence to evidence-based practices is the most important step for preventing HAIs. Objectives : To determine the rate of adherence to evidence-based post-insertion recommended care practices after admission into the intensive care unit for the following devices: central line catheter, indwelling urinary catheter, and mechanical ventilator. Patients and Methods: A structured observational cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collected using a checklist and a self-report questionnaire. The minimum sample size required for this study was 276 post-insertion care episodes, and 332 episodes were observed. TheANOVA test was used to identify any significant differences among themean scores of the three devices. Results : Overall observed adherence rates were 18.3 %, 59.1 %, and 43.1% for central line catheters, indwelling urinary catheter, and mechanical ventilator, respectively. Of the observed episodes of device care, only in 9.4 % of the episodes was regular oral care performed for patients on mechanical ventilators and only in 19.3 % of the episodes were indwelling urinary catheters properly secure after insertion. More so, in none (0.0 %) of the episodes was the central line catheter hub disinfected before being accessed. Conclusions : Evidence-based post-insertion recommended care practices were not consistently and uniformly implemented in the intensive care units. Establishment of a program for the surveillance of adherence to recommended guidelines is required for improving compliance by health professionals and the quality of preventive care.