Role of nanobacteria in the pathogenesis of kidney stone formation

This study aimed to investigate the nanobacteria (NB) induced damage to human tubular epithelial HK-2 cells and the potential role of NB in the kidney stone formation. Serum sample from 15 patients with kidney stone was collected. Four groups were included: control, NB group, nanograde hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) group. Catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA) and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity was detected in the supernatant at 12 and 24 h. At 12 and 24 h, COM was added. At 12 h and 24 h, the CAT in NB group was significantly higher than in control group and nHAP group (P