Multiparametric Approach Enhances Detection of Patients with Cerebral TIAs at Risk of Stroke: A Prospective Pilot Case Series

Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) are generally clinically unstable, with fear of developing a handicapping stroke. Identification of those at highest and lowest risk of stroke in the first days and weeks after a TIA would allow appropriate use of worthy secondary prevention strategies. Incorporation of a clinical scoring system, neurovascular imaging, and magnetic resonance-diffusion-weighted imaging (MR-DWI) to help predicting risk of developing an ischemic stroke following a TIA. A prospective observational study was conducted on 25 patients with TIAs, 64% were females, and 26% were males, with a mean age of 57±10.36. Patients were assessed clinically and an ABCD(2) score was applied. Patients have undergone diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), within 24 h from the event, and intra- and extracranial duplex study. Patients were followed up at intervals of one week, three months, six months, and one year. Six patients (24%) developed stroke on their follow-up, most of them (83.3%) had their strokes within the first three months and had an initial ABCD(2) score of ≥4. The development of stroke was associated with the presence of significant extra and/or intracranial vessel disease (P=0.006) and the presence of acute lesions on their DWI (P=0.035). Incorporation of brain MR-DWIs and neurovascular imaging together with the ABCD(2) score improves prediction of ischemic stroke following TIA.