Single-Cell mRNA Profiling Reveals Cell-Type-Specific Expression of Neurexin Isoforms

Neurexins are considered central organizers of synapse architecture that are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Expression of neurexins in hundreds of alternatively spliced isoforms suggested that individual neurons might exhibit a cell-type-specific neurexin expression pattern (a neurexin code). To test this hypothesis, we quantified the single-cell levels of neurexin isoforms and other trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules by microfluidics-based RT-PCR. We show that the neurexin repertoire displays pronounced cell-type specificity that is remarkably consistent within each type of neuron. Furthermore, we uncovered region-specific regulation of neurexin transcription and splice-site usage. Finally, we demonstrate that the transcriptional profiles of neurexins can be altered in an experience-dependent fashion by exposure to a drug of abuse. Our data provide evidence of cell-type-specific expression patterns of multiple neurexins at the single-cell level and suggest that expression of synaptic cell-adhesion molecules overlaps with other key features of cellular identity and diversity. •Single-cell neurexin transcriptional repertoires display cell-type specificity•Neurexin expression in individual neurons is coordinated in a region-specific manner•Neurexin transcriptional profiles are plastic in response to a drug of abuse•This study provides first evidence for a cell-type-specific synaptic adhesion code The diversity of synaptic adhesion molecules, and neurexins in particular, may provide a molecular substrate for the formation of neural circuits. Using single-cell qPCR, Fuccillo et al. demonstrate that individual neurons exhibit unique and reproducible cell-type-specific neurexin mRNA repertoires.