Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis: The missed diagnosis

Highlights • Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney. • The focal form imitates greatly renal cell carcinoma (RCC). • We report a challenging clinical case of a 38-year old with lack of history of stone disease or urinary tract infection. • Preoperative diagnosis of focal XGPN was difficult because of radiological similarities to RCC. • An open right radical nephrectomy including the adrenal in the resection was performed and final histology revealed a focal renal mass which consist with a xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis.