Pulmonary and extrapulmonary features in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a comparison with healthy children

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare functional capacity and peripheral muscle strength in preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with those of age-matched full-term healthy controls. [Subjects and Methods] Eighteen BPD subjects and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Pulmonary function testing was performed. Body composition was determined using the skinfold method. An analysis of posture was scored. Muscle strength was evaluated using a dynamometer. Functional capacity was assessed using the six-minute walking test (6MWT). [Results] Pulmonary function testing parameters, 6MWT distance, and quadriceps strength of the children with BPD were significantly lower than those of healthy peers. The scores of posture analysis of the children with BPD were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects. Exercise heart rate was significantly higher in the children with BPD compared to healthy children. The 6MWT distance correlated with height, fat-free mass, exercise dyspnea perception, and hand grip strength in BPD children. [Conclusion] The study showed that preterm children with BPD had disturbed pulmonary and extrapulmonary characteristics. BPD had lower fat free mass, reduced lung function, worsen postural function, a shorter 6MWT distance, and lower quadriceps strength than healthy children. These features may provide insights into the choice of outcome measures for pulmonary rehabilitation for BPD.