Conditions for enhancing the encoding of an elementary motor memory by rTMS

Highlights • Co-administration of low frequency primary motor cortex stimulation with rTMS enhances formation of motor memories. • The enhancing effect of rTMS on the formation of motor memories depends on the frequency and time of the stimulus in relationship to the onset of the training movements. • The training related improvement in kinematics above naïve levels supports the notion of M1 engagement in events leading to improved motor skills.