The novel endonuclease Ankle1 requires its LEM and GIY-YIG motifs for DNA cleavage in vivo

The L amina-associated polypeptide, E merin, M AN1 - (LEM) domain defines a group of nuclear proteins, which bind chromatin through interaction of the LEM motif with the conserved DNA cross-linking protein, Barrier-to-Auto-Integration factor (BAF). Here, we describe a novel LEM protein, annotated in databases as “Ankyrin and LEM domain containing protein 1” ( ANKLE1 ). We show that Ankle1 is conserved in metazoans and contains a unique C-terminal GIY-YIG motif that confers endonuclease activity in vitro and in vivo. In mammals, Ankle1 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. While most characterized LEM proteins are components of the inner nuclear membrane, ectopic Ankle1 shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus, and Ankle1 enriched in the nucleoplasm induces DNA cleavage and DNA damage response. This activity requires both the catalytic C-terminal GIY-YIG domain and the LEM motif, which binds chromatin via BAF. Hence, Ankle1 represents a novel LEM-protein with a GIY-YIG type endonuclease activity in higher eukaryotes.