Drug scene, drug use and drug-related health consequences and responses in Kulob and Khorog, Tajikistan

Highlights • We conducted 12 focus group discussions in Kulob and Khorog and analysed available literature. • In Kulob and Khorog, almost all people who inject drugs use heroin. • Scaling-up both OST and ART coverage is the top priority for reducing HIV prevalence and incidence in Tajikistan. • Drug treatment and harm reduction services for women, as well as naloxone distribution programmes need to be expanded.