Structure and Dynamics of AMPA Receptor GluA2 in Resting, Pre-Open, and Desensitized States

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory signaling in the nervous system. Despite the profound importance of iGluRs to neurotransmission, little is known about the structures and dynamics of intact receptors in distinct functional states. Here, we elucidate the structures of the intact GluA2 AMPA receptor in an apo resting/closed state, in an activated/pre-open state bound with partial agonists and a positive allosteric modulator, and in a desensitized/closed state in complex with fluorowilliardiine. To probe the conformational properties of these states, we carried out double electron-electron resonance experiments on cysteine mutants and cryoelectron microscopy studies. We show how agonist binding modulates the conformation of the ligand-binding domain “layer” of the intact receptors and how, upon desensitization, the receptor undergoes large conformational rearrangements of the amino-terminal and ligand-binding domains. We define mechanistic principles by which to understand antagonism, activation, and desensitization in AMPA iGluRs. [Display omitted] •Ligand-binding domains (LBDs) define AMPA receptor “gating ring”•Resting/apo state of AMPA receptor harbors intact LBD dimer interface•LBD gating ring undergoes iris-like expansion upon receptor activation•Dramatic reorientation of LBDs and rupture of dimer interface upon desensitization Structures reveal the conformational bases for antagonism, activation, and desensitization for ionotropic glutamate receptors, the principle mediator of fast excitatory signaling in the nervous system.