Recent Developments in Metabolic Bone Diseases: a Gnathic Perspective

Metabolic bone diseases often are asymptomatic and progress sub clinically. Many patients present at a late stage with catastrophic skeletal and extra skeletal complications. In this article, we provide an overview of normal bone remodeling and a synopsis of recent developments in the following conditions: osteoporosis, rickets/osteomalacia, endocrine-induced bone disease, chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder and Paget’s disease of bone. Our discussion will emphasize the clinical and microscopic manifestations of these diseases in the jaws.