Infections among long‐term survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

BACKGROUND Little is known about infections among adult survivors of childhood cancer. The authors report the occurrence of infections and risk factors for infections in a large cohort of survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort was used to compare incidence rates of infections among 12,360 5‐year survivors of childhood cancer with the rates of 4023 siblings. Infection‐related mortality of survivors was compared with that of the US population. Demographic and treatment variables were analyzed using Poisson regression to determine the rate ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with infectious complications. RESULTS Compared with the US population, survivors were at an increased risk of death from infectious causes (standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 4.2; 95% CI, 3.2‐5.4), with the greatest risk observed among females (SMR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5‐6.9) and among those who had been exposed to total body irradiation (SMR, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.8‐33.0). Survivors also reported higher rates than siblings of overall infectious complications (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.4) and higher rates of all categories of infection. CONCLUSIONS Survivors of childhood cancer remain at elevated risk for developing infectious‐related complications, and they have a higher risk of infection‐related mortality years after therapy. Further investigation is needed to provide insight into the mechanisms for the observed excess risks. Cancer 2014;120:2514–2521. © 2014 American Cancer Society. Compared with siblings, survivors of childhood cancer have higher rates of infectious complications. In addition, these survivors are at an increased risk of death from infections compared with the US population.