Editing of the chloroplast rpoB transcript is independent of chloroplast translation and shows different patterns in barley and maize

Sequence analysis of amplified cDNAs derived from the maize chloroplast rpoB transcript which encodes the beta subunit of a chloroplast specific, DNA dependent RNA polymerase reveals four C‐to‐U editing sites clustered within 150 nucleotides of the 5′ terminal region of the rpoB message. These newly identified editing sites confirm the bias of chloroplast editing for certain codon transitions and for second codon positions which both appear suggestive for an involvement of the translational apparatus in the editing process. This supposition prompted us to investigate editing of the rpoB transcript from ribosome deficient, and hence protein synthesis deficient, plastids of the barley mutant albostrians. In this mutant editing is, however, not impaired at any of the editing sites functional in the barley wild type rpoB transcript. This demonstrates that chloroplast editing is neither linked to nor dependent on the chloroplast translational apparatus. As a further consequence any peptide components required for chloroplast editing must be encoded in the nuclear genome. In spite of strong sequence conservation only three of the four editing sites identified in the maize rpoB transcript are functional in barley. This indicates that sequences surrounding an editing site alone are not sufficient as determinants for the editing process in chloroplasts, but that trans‐acting templates carrying the editing information for each individual site may also be required.