Elevated Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium of Sheep Fetuses Exposed In Utero to Ethanol—A New Animal Model
Specific fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in meconium of newborns have been shown to correlate with maternal ethanol exposure. An animal model is needed to assess the validity of this biomarker. We hypothesized that the pregnant/fetal sheep is a feasible animal model for validating FAEE as a biomarker...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pediatric research 2008-02, Vol.63 (2), p.164-168 |
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| creator | Littner, Yoav Cudd, Timothy A O'Riordan, Mary A Cwik, Andrew Bearer, Cynthia F |
| description | Specific fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in meconium of newborns have been shown to correlate with maternal ethanol exposure. An animal model is needed to assess the validity of this biomarker. We hypothesized that the pregnant/fetal sheep is a feasible animal model for validating FAEE as a biomarker of prenatal ethanol exposure. Nine pregnant ewes were treated during the third trimester with different i.v. ethanol doses. The control group consisted of 14 pregnant ewes exposed to similar volumes of saline. On gestational d 133, the fetuses were delivered and meconium samples removed. FAEEs were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. FAEEs were found in both control and ethanol exposed fetuses. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate levels were significantly higher in the ethanol-exposed sheep. Ethyl oleate was the FAEE that correlated most strongly with alcohol ingestion during pregnancy and had the greatest area under the curve (0.94). Using a cut-off value of 131 ng/g ethyl oleate dry weight, sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 100%. In conclusion, pregnant ewes are a feasible model for validating biomarkers of prenatal ethanol exposure. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate may be useful biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31815f651e |
| format | Article |
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An animal model is needed to assess the validity of this biomarker. We hypothesized that the pregnant/fetal sheep is a feasible animal model for validating FAEE as a biomarker of prenatal ethanol exposure. Nine pregnant ewes were treated during the third trimester with different i.v. ethanol doses. The control group consisted of 14 pregnant ewes exposed to similar volumes of saline. On gestational d 133, the fetuses were delivered and meconium samples removed. FAEEs were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. FAEEs were found in both control and ethanol exposed fetuses. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate levels were significantly higher in the ethanol-exposed sheep. Ethyl oleate was the FAEE that correlated most strongly with alcohol ingestion during pregnancy and had the greatest area under the curve (0.94). Using a cut-off value of 131 ng/g ethyl oleate dry weight, sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 100%. In conclusion, pregnant ewes are a feasible model for validating biomarkers of prenatal ethanol exposure. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate may be useful biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-3998</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0447</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31815f651e</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18091344</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PEREBL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological and medical sciences ; Disease Models, Animal ; Esters - metabolism ; Ethanol - toxicity ; Fatty Acids - metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - metabolism ; General aspects ; Maternal Exposure ; Meconium - metabolism ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Oleic Acids - chemistry ; Pediatric Surgery ; Pediatrics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal ; Sheep ; Sheep, Domestic ; translational-investigation</subject><ispartof>Pediatric research, 2008-02, Vol.63 (2), p.164-168</ispartof><rights>International Pediatrics Research Foundation, Inc. 2008</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2008 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-d8c5e95cdc664bea11bb49dd1da12d3db103e48595e80bb18229c7597a1858d23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-d8c5e95cdc664bea11bb49dd1da12d3db103e48595e80bb18229c7597a1858d23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20017079$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18091344$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Littner, Yoav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cudd, Timothy A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Riordan, Mary A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cwik, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bearer, Cynthia F</creatorcontrib><title>Elevated Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium of Sheep Fetuses Exposed In Utero to Ethanol—A New Animal Model</title><title>Pediatric research</title><addtitle>Pediatr Res</addtitle><addtitle>Pediatr Res</addtitle><description>Specific fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in meconium of newborns have been shown to correlate with maternal ethanol exposure. An animal model is needed to assess the validity of this biomarker. We hypothesized that the pregnant/fetal sheep is a feasible animal model for validating FAEE as a biomarker of prenatal ethanol exposure. Nine pregnant ewes were treated during the third trimester with different i.v. ethanol doses. The control group consisted of 14 pregnant ewes exposed to similar volumes of saline. On gestational d 133, the fetuses were delivered and meconium samples removed. FAEEs were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. FAEEs were found in both control and ethanol exposed fetuses. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate levels were significantly higher in the ethanol-exposed sheep. Ethyl oleate was the FAEE that correlated most strongly with alcohol ingestion during pregnancy and had the greatest area under the curve (0.94). Using a cut-off value of 131 ng/g ethyl oleate dry weight, sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 100%. In conclusion, pregnant ewes are a feasible model for validating biomarkers of prenatal ethanol exposure. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate may be useful biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Area Under Curve</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Esters - metabolism</subject><subject>Ethanol - toxicity</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - metabolism</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Maternal Exposure</subject><subject>Meconium - metabolism</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Oleic Acids - chemistry</subject><subject>Pediatric Surgery</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy, Animal</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Sheep, Domestic</subject><subject>translational-investigation</subject><issn>0031-3998</issn><issn>1530-0447</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1uEzEURi0EoqHwBgh5w3KK79jO2BukqEygUgsI6Hrkse80U03syHYK2fEQPCFPgqNE5WfByov7ne9eHRPyHNgZ1Iy_-vjm0xnrGXDkoEAOcwn4gMxAclYxIZqHZMYYh4prrU7Ik5RuGQMhlXhMTkAxDVyIGfHthHcmo6NLk_OOLuzoaJtXu4m2KWNMdPT0Cm3w43ZNw0A_rxA3dIl5mzDR9tsmpAJfeHpd0oHmsKeND9PP7z8W9D1-pQs_rs1Er4LD6Sl5NJgp4bPje0qul-2X83fV5Ye3F-eLy8oKVefKKStRS-vsfC56NAB9L7Rz4AzUjrseGEehpJaoWN-DqmttG6kbA0oqV_NT8vrQu9n2a3QWfY5m6jaxnBJ3XTBj9_fEj6vuJtx1ApgApUuBOBTYGFKKONyzwLq9_6747_71X7AXf-79DR2Fl8DLY8Aka6YhGm_HdJ-ryx81rNnvl4dcKiN_g7G7Ddvoi7P_H_ALbSah6A</recordid><startdate>20080201</startdate><enddate>20080201</enddate><creator>Littner, Yoav</creator><creator>Cudd, Timothy A</creator><creator>O'Riordan, Mary A</creator><creator>Cwik, Andrew</creator><creator>Bearer, Cynthia F</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group US</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080201</creationdate><title>Elevated Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium of Sheep Fetuses Exposed In Utero to Ethanol—A New Animal Model</title><author>Littner, Yoav ; Cudd, Timothy A ; O'Riordan, Mary A ; Cwik, Andrew ; Bearer, Cynthia F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-d8c5e95cdc664bea11bb49dd1da12d3db103e48595e80bb18229c7597a1858d23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Area Under Curve</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Esters - metabolism</topic><topic>Ethanol - toxicity</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - metabolism</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Maternal Exposure</topic><topic>Meconium - metabolism</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Oleic Acids - chemistry</topic><topic>Pediatric Surgery</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy, Animal</topic><topic>Sheep</topic><topic>Sheep, Domestic</topic><topic>translational-investigation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Littner, Yoav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cudd, Timothy A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Riordan, Mary A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cwik, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bearer, Cynthia F</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Pediatric research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Littner, Yoav</au><au>Cudd, Timothy A</au><au>O'Riordan, Mary A</au><au>Cwik, Andrew</au><au>Bearer, Cynthia F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Elevated Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium of Sheep Fetuses Exposed In Utero to Ethanol—A New Animal Model</atitle><jtitle>Pediatric research</jtitle><stitle>Pediatr Res</stitle><addtitle>Pediatr Res</addtitle><date>2008-02-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>164</spage><epage>168</epage><pages>164-168</pages><issn>0031-3998</issn><eissn>1530-0447</eissn><coden>PEREBL</coden><abstract>Specific fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in meconium of newborns have been shown to correlate with maternal ethanol exposure. An animal model is needed to assess the validity of this biomarker. We hypothesized that the pregnant/fetal sheep is a feasible animal model for validating FAEE as a biomarker of prenatal ethanol exposure. Nine pregnant ewes were treated during the third trimester with different i.v. ethanol doses. The control group consisted of 14 pregnant ewes exposed to similar volumes of saline. On gestational d 133, the fetuses were delivered and meconium samples removed. FAEEs were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. FAEEs were found in both control and ethanol exposed fetuses. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate levels were significantly higher in the ethanol-exposed sheep. Ethyl oleate was the FAEE that correlated most strongly with alcohol ingestion during pregnancy and had the greatest area under the curve (0.94). Using a cut-off value of 131 ng/g ethyl oleate dry weight, sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 100%. In conclusion, pregnant ewes are a feasible model for validating biomarkers of prenatal ethanol exposure. Ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate may be useful biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>18091344</pmid><doi>10.1203/PDR.0b013e31815f651e</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Area Under Curve Biological and medical sciences Disease Models, Animal Esters - metabolism Ethanol - toxicity Fatty Acids - metabolism Female Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - metabolism General aspects Maternal Exposure Meconium - metabolism Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Oleic Acids - chemistry Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Pregnancy Pregnancy, Animal Sheep Sheep, Domestic translational-investigation |
| title | Elevated Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium of Sheep Fetuses Exposed In Utero to Ethanol—A New Animal Model |
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