Oral retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid corrects mucosal IgA responses toward an intranasal influenza virus vaccine in vitamin A deficient mice

Highlights • The mucosal IgA response to the influenza virus FluMist vaccine is impaired in vitamin A deficient animals. • Retinyl palmitate corrects impaired mucosal IgA responses toward the FluMist vaccine in vitamin A deficient animals. • Retinoic acid corrects impaired mucosal IgA responses toward the FluMist vaccine in vitamin A deficient animals. • Results encourage analysis and correction of respiratory virus vaccine-induced IgA responses in humans suffering from vitamin A deficiencies.